हम पृथ्वी नामक ग्रह पर रहते हैं जो हमारे सौर मंडल का हिस्सा है। लेकिन हमारा सौर मंडल कहां है? यह मिल्की वे गैलेक्सी का एक छोटा सा हिस्सा है और हमारी आकाशगंगा, मिल्की वे, के बीच में एक सुपरमैसिव ब्लैक होल भी है जो अपने विशाल गुरुत्वाकर्षण से सबको एक साथ बाँधकर रखती है।हमारी आकाशगंगा को क्षीरमार्ग या मन्दाकिनी या इंग्लिश मे Milky Way कहते हैं, जिसमें पृथ्वी और हमारा सौर मण्डल स्थित है।
We live on a planet called Earth which is part of our solar system. But where is our solar system? It is a small part of the Milky Way Galaxy, and in the middle of our Milky Way, the Milky Way, is a supermassive black hole that binds everyone together by its massive gravity. Our galaxy is called the Milky Way or the Milky Way in English In which the Earth and our solar system are located.
Just as you have your own family, the sun also has its own family. Surya is the head of his family and gives heat and light to all the members of his family. Planets, satellites, asteroids and meteor bodies are members of this family. The reason for being the head of the sun is the members of this family. Being the head of the Sun, this family is called ‘Solar-Parivar’ or ‘Solar System’.
Planets
Some celestial bodies do not have their own light and heat. They are illuminated only by the light of their star and they revolve around their star (AXIS). These are called planets.
Like - our earth does not have its own light. The light is illuminated by sunlight, the Earth is a planet that revolves around the Sun.
The planet is called in English language (Planet), which is derived from the Greek word (Planetai) which means 'revolve' which means revolving around.
There are eight planets in our solar system - Mercury (MERCURY), Venus (VENUS), Earth (EARTH), Mars (MARS), Jupiter (JUPITER), Saturn (SATURN), Arun (URANUS) and Varuna (NEPTUNE) in the solar system. situated at.
The names and colors of the planets of the Solar System -
1 - Mercury - Savala - Brown.
2 - Venus - Gray - Black.
3 - Earth - Green - Blue.
4 - Mars - Red copper like.
5 - Jupiter - Pink.
6 - Saturn - Red - Black.
7 - Arun - Blue.
8 - Varuna - Smoky Gray.
Distance of Sun from planets and number of satellite -
S. No. Planets - Distance - Satellite Number
1 - Wed - 6 million km. - Zero
2 - Venus - 11 million km. - Zero
3 - Earth - 150 million km. - 1 (Moon)
4 - Mars - 24 million km. - 2
5 - Jupiter - 77 crore km. - 79
6 - Saturn - 142 million km. - 82
7 - Arun - 287 crore km. - 17
8 - Varuna - 450 million km. - 8
Satellite (SATELLITE) -
Some celestial bodies, orbiting their planet, complete the orbit of the Sun. Just like the moon revolves around the Earth. They are called 'satellites' because they orbit their planet. It is not necessary that every planet has a satellite. It is not necessary to have the same number of satellites of all planets. Just like some in our solar system The planets do not have a single satellite, and a planet has 20 satellites.
Like the only satellite of our Earth is the Moon, which orbits the Earth.
Asteroids (ASTEROIDS) -
Apart from planets and satellites, many small objects also revolve around the Sun. These celestial bodies are called 'asteroids'. They are found between Mars and Jupiter. Scientists are of the opinion that asteroids are broken parts of the planets, which were broken and separated from the planets long time ago.
Meteoroids -
Small pieces of stone orbiting around the sun are called 'meteor bodies'. They sometimes come so close to the earth that they start to burn by rubbing with the earth's atmosphere and burning to the earth. In this process, bright light is produced. They are understood as a falling star, which is called a meteorite.
Sun (SUN) -
The Sun is the star of our Solar System. It is located in the center of the Solar System, and all the planets, satellites and asteroids revolve around it. The Sun is composed of many hot gases such as hydrogen, helium, which is constantly burning. The sun is the only source of light and energy in the solar system. The sun is about 150 million kilometers away from our earth. Due to this, its light reaches the earth in about 8.3 minutes. The speed of light is 300,000 kilometers per second.
If the Earth is brought home by making the Sun hollow, then there can be 1.3 million Earths inside the Sun.
Earth (EARTH) -
Our Earth on which we live is also a planet. It is third from the Sun in the order of distance. Is the fifth largest planet in size or in the Solar System. If the Earth were closer than the Sun, life would not be possible here due to very high temperature and if it was at a greater distance then there would be no living here due to the cold. Earth is the only planet where life is. Show fit for life is found only on our earth. This is the reason why it is called Green Planet. In this view, our earth is unique to the solar system and the amount of water on the earth is more. For this reason, when viewed from space, it appears blue. Therefore, Earth is also called 'Blue Planet' (Blue-Planet).
Moon (MOON) -
The Moon is the only planet of the Earth that the Moon also orbits the Sun, orbiting the Earth, and its distance from the Earth is about 4 lakh kilometers. It is about 27 days 7 hours 43 minutes (27.3 days approx). Performs circumambulation.
The tail stars of the solar system -
Tailed Star (COMET) -
Tailed stars are celestial bodies made up of rocks, snow dust, and gas. Often these celestial objects move in their orbit and come to the sun. Due to the heat of the sun, its gas and dust turn into vapor. This vapor escapes out of the main body in the form of a long bright ask. Due to gravity, the head of this star is facing towards the sun and always ask outwards, which you see glowing.
All members of the solar system remain in a balanced state due to stretching of each other. Moving on their axis, they move continuously on a certain path. They never cross each other, so they do not collide with each other. The rotation of the celestial body on its own axis is called 'ROTATION'. The revolving of planets around the Sun (star) is called REVOLUTION.
Our solar system is a very small part of the universe. Many solar systems like our solar system form a 'planetarium'. Like - 'Saptarshi Planetarium'. Millions of constellations combine to form a 'Mandakini' (Galaxy). Mandakini is a luminous strip of millions of stars stretching from one to the other across the sky. Our Mandakini is named 'Milkyway'. Millions of these types of galaxies form the Universe.
Before 24 August 2006 in our solar system, 9 planets were considered. But on 24 August 2006, the International Astronomical Union (I.A.U.) has removed Yama (Pluto) from the category of planets, hence the total number of planets is now 8.
जिस प्रकार आपका अपना परिवार है उसी प्रकार सूर्य का भी अपना परिवार है. सूर्य अपने परिवार का मुखिया है और अपने परिवार के सभी सदस्यों को ऊष्मा व प्रकाश देता है। ग्रह, उपग्रह, क्षुद्रग्रह और उल्का पिंड इस परिवार के सदस्य हैं।सूर्य की मुखिया होने का कारण इस परिवार के सदस्य हैं। सूर्य के मुखिया होने के कारण इस परिवार को ‘सौर-परिवर’ या ‘सौरमंडल’ कहते हैं।
ग्रह (Planets)
कुछ आकाशीय पिंडो में स्वयं का प्रकाश व ऊष्मा नहीं होतो है। वे अपने तारे के प्रकाश से ही प्रकाशिक होते हैं।साथ ही वे अपने अक्ष (AXIS) पर घूमते हुए अपने तारे की परिक्रमा करते हैं। इन्हें ग्रह कहते हैं।
जैसे – हमारी पृथ्वी में स्वयं का प्रकाश नहीं है। हुआ सूर्य के प्रकाश से प्रकाशित होती है पृथ्वी एक ग्रह है जो सूर्य का चक्कर लगाती है।
ग्रह को अंग्रेजी भाषा में(Planet) कहते हैं, जो कि ग्रीक भाषा के (Planetai) शब्द से बना है।जिसका अर्थ होता है – ‘परिभ्रमण’ अर्थात चारों ओर घूमने वाला।
हमारे सौरमंडल में आठ ग्रह हैं – बुध (MERCURY),शुक्र (VENUS), पृथ्वी (EARTH), मंगल (MARS), बृहस्पति (JUPITER), शनि (SATURN),अरुण (URANUS) तथा वरुण (NEPTUNE) जो सौर मंडल में स्थित है।
सौरमंडल के ग्रहों के नाम व ग्रह का रंग –
1 – बुध – सावला – भूरा ।
2 – शुक्र – स्लेटी – काला।
3 – पृथ्वी – हरी – नीली ।
4 – मंगल – लाल तांबे जैसा ।
5 – बृहस्पति – गुलाबी ।
6 – शनि – लाल – काला ।
7 – अरुण – नीला ।
8 – वरुण – धुंधला स्लेटी ।
ग्रहों से सूर्य की दूरी तथा उपग्रह की संख्या –
क्र.सं.- ग्रह – दूरी – उपग्रह संख्या
1 – बुध – 6 करोड़ किमी. – शून्य
2 – शुक्र – 11करोड़ किमी. – शून्य
3 – पृथ्वी – 15 करोड़ किमी. – 1(चन्द्रमा)
4 – मंगल – 24 करोड़ किमी. – 2
5 – बृहस्पति – 77 करोड़ किमी. – 79
6 – शनि – 142 करोड़ किमी. – 82
7 – अरुण – 287 करोड़ किमी. – 17
8 – वरुण – 450 करोड़ किमी. – 8
उपग्रह (SATELLITE) –
कुछ आकाशीय पिंड, अपने ग्रह की परिक्रमा करते हुए सूर्य की परिक्रमा पूरी करते हैं। जैसे चंद्रमा पृथ्वी की परिक्रमा करता है ।यह अपने ग्रह की परिक्रमा करने के कारण ‘उपग्रह’ कहलाते हैं ।यह आवश्यक नहीं है कि प्रत्येक ग्रह का उपग्रह हो सभी ग्रहों के उपग्रहों की संख्या समान होना भी जरूरी नहीं है ।जैसे हमारे सौरमंडल में कुछ ग्रहों का एक भी उपग्रह नहीं है ,और किसी ग्रह के 20 उपग्रह हैं।
जैसे हमारी पृथ्वी का एक अकेला उपग्रह चंद्रमा है, जो पृथ्वी की परिक्रमा करता है।
क्षुद्र ग्रह (ASTEROIDS) –
ग्रहों एवं उपग्रहों के अतिरिक्त अनेक छोटे-छोटे पिंड भी सूर्य के चारों तरफ चक्कर लगाते हैं। इन आकाशीय पिंडों को ‘क्षुद्रग्रह’ कहते हैं ।ये मंगल और बृहस्पति ग्रह के बीच में पाए जाते हैं। वैज्ञानिकों की राय है कि क्षुद्रग्रह, ग्रहों से ही टूटे हुए हिस्से हैं ,जो बहुत समय पहले ग्रहों से टूटकर अलग हो गए थे।
उल्का पिण्ड (METEOROIDS) –
सूर्य के चारों तरफ चक्कर लगाने वाले पत्थर के छोटे-छोटे टुकड़ों को ‘उल्का पिंड’ कहते हैं ।ये कभी-कभी पृथ्वी के इतने निकट आ जाते हैं कि पृथ्वी के वायुमंडल की उसके साथ रगड़कर के जलने लगते हैं और जलकर पृथ्वी पर गिर जाते हैं ।इस प्रक्रिया में चमकदार प्रकाश उत्पन्न होता है ।इन्हें ही टूटता हुआ तारा समझ आ जाता है, जिसे उल्कापिंड कहते हैं।
सूर्य (SUN) –
सूर्य हमारे सौरमंडल का तारा है।यह सौरमंडल के केंद्र में स्थित है ,और सभी ग्रह, उपग्रह ,व क्षुद्रग्रह निरंतर इस के चक्कर लगाते रहते हैं। सूर्य हाइड्रोजन, हीलियम जैसे बहुत से गर्म गैसों से बना है ,जो लगातार जलती रहती है। सौरमंडल में सूर्य प्रकाश व ऊर्जा का एकमात्र स्रोत है ।सूर्य हमारी पृथ्वी से लगभग 15 करोड़ किलोमीटर दूर है ।इस कारण इसका प्रकाश लगभग 8.3 मिनट में पृथ्वी पर पहुंच पाता है। प्रकाश की चाल 3,00,000 किलोमीटर प्रति सेकंड है।
सूर्य को खोखला करके यदि उसमें पृथ्वी को घर आ जाए तो सूर्य के अंदर 13 लाख पृथ्वियां समा सकती है।
पृथ्वी (EARTH)-
हमारी पृथ्वी जिस पर हम निवास करते हैं ,वह भी एक ग्रह है। यह दूरी में क्रम से सूर्य से तीसरे स्थान पर है। आकार में या सौरमंडल का पांचवां सबसे बड़ा ग्रह है। यदि पृथ्वी सूर्य से अधिक निकट होती तो बहुत अधिक ताप के कारण यहां जीवन संभव नहीं होता और यदि अधिक दूरी पर होती तो अधिक ठंडी के कारण यहां कोई जीवधारी ना होता। पृथ्वी एकमात्र ऐसा ग्रह है जहां जीवन है। जीवन के लिए उपयुक्त दर्शाएं केवल हमारी पृथ्वी पर ही मिलती है ।इसी कारण है इसे हरितगृह (ग्रीन प्लेनेट )कहते हैं। इस दृष्टि से हमारी पृथ्वी सौरमंडल के अनोखी है पृथ्वी पर जल की मात्रा अधिक है। इस कारण अंतरिक्ष से देखने पर यह नीले रंग की दिखाई देती है। इसलिए पृथ्वी को ‘नीला ग्रह'(ब्लू -प्लेनेट) भी कहते हैं।
चन्द्रमा (MOON) –
चंद्रमा पृथ्वी का अकेला ग्रह है।जो कि चंद्रमा पृथ्वी की परिक्रमा करते हुए सूर्य की परिक्रमा भी पूरी करता है।तथा इसकी पृथ्वी से दूरी लगभग 4 लाख किलोमीटर है ।यह लगभग 27 दिन 7 घंटा 43 मिनट( 27.3 दिन लगभग) में पृथ्वी की परिक्रमा पूरी करता है।
सौर मंडल के पुच्छल तारे –
पुच्छल तारे (COMET) –
पुच्छल तारे चट्टानों,बर्फ द्वारा धूल और गैस के बने आकाशीय – पिंड होते हैं ।अक्सर यह आकाशीय – पिंड अपनी कक्षा में घूमते हुए सूर्य के पास आ जाते हैं ।सूर्य के ताप के कारण इसकी गैस और धूल वाष्प में बदल जाती है। यही वाष्प मुख्य पिण्ड से एक लंबी सी चमकीली पूछ के रूप में बाहर निकल जाती है। गुरुत्वाकर्षण के कारण इस तारे का सिर सूर्य के तरफ तथा पूछ हमेशा बाहर की तरफ होती है , जो आपको चमकती हुई दिखाई देती है।
सौर मंडल के सभी सदस्य एक दूसरे के खिंचाव के कारण संतुलित अवस्था में रहते हैं। अपने अक्ष पर घूमते हुए एक निश्चित मार्ग पर निरंतर गति करते रहते हैं।ये कभी एक – दूसरे के मार्ग पर नहीं जाते इस कारण यह आपस में नहीं टकराते हैं ।आकाशीय पिंड का अपने अक्ष पर घूमना ‘परिभ्रमण’ (ROTATION) कहलाता है। ग्रहों का सूर्य (तारा) के चारों ओर घूमना ‘परिक्रमण’ (REVOLUTION) कहलाता है।
हमारा सौरमंडल तो ब्रह्मांड का एक बहुत छोटा भाग है ।हमारे सौरमंडल जैसे कई सौरमंडल मिलकर एक ‘तारामंडल’ बनाते हैं। जैसे – ‘सप्तर्षि तारामंडल’ । करोडों तारामंडल मिलकर एक ‘मंदाकिनी'(Galaxy) का निर्माण करते हैं। मंदाकिनी, आकाश में एक और से दूसरी और तक फैली चौड़ी सफेद लाखों तारों से भरी चमकदार पट्टी है ।हमारे मंदाकिनी का नाम ‘आकाशगंगा'(Milkyway) है ।इस प्रकार के लाखों मंदाकिनी मिलकर ब्रह्याण्ड(Universe) का निर्माण करती है।
हमारे सौरमंडल में 24 अगस्त 2006 से पहले 9 ग्रह माने जाते थे । किंतु 24 अगस्त 2006 को अंतर्राष्ट्रीय खगोलीय संघ (I.A.U.) ने यम (Pluto) को ग्रह की श्रेणी से हटा दिया हैं।इसलिए अब ग्रहों की कुल संख्या 8 रह गई है।
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English Translation-
Just as you have your own family, the sun also has its own family. Surya is the head of his family and gives heat and light to all the members of his family. Planets, satellites, asteroids and meteor bodies are members of this family. The reason for being the head of the sun is the members of this family. Being the head of the Sun, this family is called ‘Solar-Parivar’ or ‘Solar System’.
Planets
Some celestial bodies do not have their own light and heat. They are illuminated only by the light of their star and they revolve around their star (AXIS). These are called planets.
Like - our earth does not have its own light. The light is illuminated by sunlight, the Earth is a planet that revolves around the Sun.
The planet is called in English language (Planet), which is derived from the Greek word (Planetai) which means 'revolve' which means revolving around.
There are eight planets in our solar system - Mercury (MERCURY), Venus (VENUS), Earth (EARTH), Mars (MARS), Jupiter (JUPITER), Saturn (SATURN), Arun (URANUS) and Varuna (NEPTUNE) in the solar system. situated at.
The names and colors of the planets of the Solar System -
1 - Mercury - Savala - Brown.
2 - Venus - Gray - Black.
3 - Earth - Green - Blue.
4 - Mars - Red copper like.
5 - Jupiter - Pink.
6 - Saturn - Red - Black.
7 - Arun - Blue.
8 - Varuna - Smoky Gray.
Distance of Sun from planets and number of satellite -
S. No. Planets - Distance - Satellite Number
1 - Wed - 6 million km. - Zero
2 - Venus - 11 million km. - Zero
3 - Earth - 150 million km. - 1 (Moon)
4 - Mars - 24 million km. - 2
5 - Jupiter - 77 crore km. - 79
6 - Saturn - 142 million km. - 82
7 - Arun - 287 crore km. - 17
8 - Varuna - 450 million km. - 8
Satellite (SATELLITE) -
Some celestial bodies, orbiting their planet, complete the orbit of the Sun. Just like the moon revolves around the Earth. They are called 'satellites' because they orbit their planet. It is not necessary that every planet has a satellite. It is not necessary to have the same number of satellites of all planets. Just like some in our solar system The planets do not have a single satellite, and a planet has 20 satellites.
Like the only satellite of our Earth is the Moon, which orbits the Earth.
Asteroids (ASTEROIDS) -
Apart from planets and satellites, many small objects also revolve around the Sun. These celestial bodies are called 'asteroids'. They are found between Mars and Jupiter. Scientists are of the opinion that asteroids are broken parts of the planets, which were broken and separated from the planets long time ago.
Meteoroids -
Small pieces of stone orbiting around the sun are called 'meteor bodies'. They sometimes come so close to the earth that they start to burn by rubbing with the earth's atmosphere and burning to the earth. In this process, bright light is produced. They are understood as a falling star, which is called a meteorite.
Sun (SUN) -
The Sun is the star of our Solar System. It is located in the center of the Solar System, and all the planets, satellites and asteroids revolve around it. The Sun is composed of many hot gases such as hydrogen, helium, which is constantly burning. The sun is the only source of light and energy in the solar system. The sun is about 150 million kilometers away from our earth. Due to this, its light reaches the earth in about 8.3 minutes. The speed of light is 300,000 kilometers per second.
If the Earth is brought home by making the Sun hollow, then there can be 1.3 million Earths inside the Sun.
Earth (EARTH) -
Our Earth on which we live is also a planet. It is third from the Sun in the order of distance. Is the fifth largest planet in size or in the Solar System. If the Earth were closer than the Sun, life would not be possible here due to very high temperature and if it was at a greater distance then there would be no living here due to the cold. Earth is the only planet where life is. Show fit for life is found only on our earth. This is the reason why it is called Green Planet. In this view, our earth is unique to the solar system and the amount of water on the earth is more. For this reason, when viewed from space, it appears blue. Therefore, Earth is also called 'Blue Planet' (Blue-Planet).
Moon (MOON) -
The Moon is the only planet of the Earth that the Moon also orbits the Sun, orbiting the Earth, and its distance from the Earth is about 4 lakh kilometers. It is about 27 days 7 hours 43 minutes (27.3 days approx). Performs circumambulation.
The tail stars of the solar system -
Tailed Star (COMET) -
Tailed stars are celestial bodies made up of rocks, snow dust, and gas. Often these celestial objects move in their orbit and come to the sun. Due to the heat of the sun, its gas and dust turn into vapor. This vapor escapes out of the main body in the form of a long bright ask. Due to gravity, the head of this star is facing towards the sun and always ask outwards, which you see glowing.
All members of the solar system remain in a balanced state due to stretching of each other. Moving on their axis, they move continuously on a certain path. They never cross each other, so they do not collide with each other. The rotation of the celestial body on its own axis is called 'ROTATION'. The revolving of planets around the Sun (star) is called REVOLUTION.
Our solar system is a very small part of the universe. Many solar systems like our solar system form a 'planetarium'. Like - 'Saptarshi Planetarium'. Millions of constellations combine to form a 'Mandakini' (Galaxy). Mandakini is a luminous strip of millions of stars stretching from one to the other across the sky. Our Mandakini is named 'Milkyway'. Millions of these types of galaxies form the Universe.
Before 24 August 2006 in our solar system, 9 planets were considered. But on 24 August 2006, the International Astronomical Union (I.A.U.) has removed Yama (Pluto) from the category of planets, hence the total number of planets is now 8.








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